The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a comprehensive historical dictionary. It recently added ten Welsh words to its vast collection. This update is part of the September 2024 release. It also included hundreds of other new words from various English dialects.
The OED selects words for inclusion based on their widespread use in English writing over a significant period. The ten Welsh words added this time reflect the richness and diversity of the Welsh language and its growing influence on English.
What qualifies new additions to the OED?
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) has a rigorous process for selecting new words. To qualify, a word must demonstrate a substantial body of evidence. This includes written examples from various sources. They should also be in use over a significant period.
This evidence can come from books, newspapers, magazines, letters, and other forms of written communication. Additionally, the word must be commonly used and have a clear definition. The OED's editors carefully analyse each proposed word to ensure it meets these criteria. Then it can be added to the dictionary.
This process helps to maintain the OED's reputation. It maintains it as a reliable and comprehensive resource for the English language.
New Welsh words added to the OED
Among the new Welsh words are:
- Iechyd da: A common toast meaning "good health."
- Ych a fi: An expression of disgust or disdain.
- Twp: A term for something stupid or idiotic.
- Sglods: The Welsh word for chips.
- Cawl: A traditional Welsh soup made with lamb or beef, leeks, potatoes, swedes, and carrots.
- Sennedd: The name of the Welsh Parliament.
- Mamgu and Tadcu: Welsh terms for grandmother and grandfather in south Wales.
- Taid: The Welsh term for grandfather in north Wales.
- Calennig: A gift or the tradition of children giving New Year's gifts in Wales.
The addition of these Welsh words to the OED is a testament to the language's enduring vitality and its growing recognition in the English-speaking world.
Welsh efforts to preserve their native language
Wales has a rich history of language preservation. Particularly in the face of English dominance. The Welsh government has implemented various initiatives to promote the use of Welsh, including:
- Education: Welsh is a compulsory subject in all Welsh schools, ensuring that future generations are fluent in the language.
- Media: There are Welsh-language television and radio stations, newspapers, and online content.
- Cultural events: Welsh-language festivals, concerts, and theater productions are held throughout the year.
- Language learning: Welsh language courses are available for both native English speakers and those who wish to improve their Welsh.
Despite these efforts, the Welsh language continues to face challenges. These include the decline of Welsh-speaking communities and the increasing influence of English globally. However, the passion and commitment of Welsh people to their language remain strong. The ongoing efforts to preserve it speak volumes about their cultural heritage.
Other notable Welsh words
In addition to the ten words recently added to the Oxford English Dictionary, many other notable Welsh words have made their way into the English language. Some examples include:
- Cymru: The Welsh name for Wales.
- Eisteddfod: A Welsh cultural festival featuring competitions in music, poetry, and literature.
- Gwrach: A Welsh witch.
- Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllan-tysiliogogogoch: The longest place name in the United Kingdom, meaning "Church of St Mary of the White Hazel near the rapid whirlpool and the church of St Tysilio of the red cave."
- Yr Hen Galan: The Welsh name for New Year's Eve.
These words offer a glimpse into the rich and diverse vocabulary of the Welsh language. They highlight Wales's unique cultural heritage.
Notable Welsh writers
Wales has produced several renowned writers who have contributed significantly to the English language. Some of the most famous Welsh authors include:
- Dylan Thomas: A poet and playwright known for his lyrical style and dark themes.
- Roald Dahl: A children's author famous for his fantastical stories and quirky characters.
- Keri Hulme: A novelist who won the Booker Prize in 1985 for her novel "The Bone People."
- Owain Gwynedd: A medieval poet who wrote in the Welsh language.
These writers have helped shape the English language. They showcased Welsh authors' talent and creativity. Their work continues to be celebrated and studied today. They inspire future generations of Welsh writers.
These writers often expressed a deep appreciation for the Welsh language and its cultural significance. Dylan Thomas, for example, frequently incorporated Welsh place names and imagery into his poetry. This emphasises the connection between language and identity.
Roald Dahl, while primarily writing in English, drew inspiration from Welsh folklore and mythology. This reflects his upbringing in Wales.
Keri Hulme's novel The Bone People explores the complexities of identity and belonging. The Welsh language conveys deeper meanings and emotions.
These writers, through their literary contributions, helped to preserve and promote the Welsh language. They ensured its continued relevance and vitality.
